American Gambling Markets Atlas (AGMA)

States / California

California

More detail
  • Legal framework. California has no legal sports wagering, online casino, or commercial (non-tribal) casino gaming. The 2022 Propositions 26 and 27 both failed by wide margins, and a tribal-led ballot effort has shifted to a possible 2028 date.
  • Tribal gaming and card rooms. Gaming is split between roughly 60-plus tribes operating Class III casinos under compacts ratified after Proposition 1A (2000) and a state-regulated commercial card-room industry. Card rooms offer player-banked games only, with no slots or house-banked table games. That line is now the state's central gambling fight. Tribes used SB 549 (2024) to sue card rooms over third-party-proposition-player "banked" games starting January 2025.
  • Online casinos and sweepstakes. AB 831 banned dual-currency online sweepstakes casinos effective January 1, 2026.
  • Daily fantasy sports. The Attorney General opined in July 2025 that daily fantasy sports is illegal wagering under Penal Code 337a.
  • Racing. Pari-mutuel takeout is set by Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 19610 at 15% on conventional wagers and 16.75%-17.75% on exotic wagers.
  • Prediction markets. California sits in the Ninth Circuit, which ruled against Kalshi on CFTC-preemption grounds in a Nevada case (August 28, 2026). California tribes separately sued Kalshi/Robinhood over prediction markets and had their preliminary-injunction motion denied in November 2025.

Reviewed Oct 10, 2026 · 76 sources

Legal status

LiveLegal, not launchedLimitedContestedProhibitedNot authorizedRepealedNA
VerticalStatusLaunchedModelDetails
Sports (online)Not authorizedProposition 27 (statewide online/mobile sports betting, backed by DraftKings/FanDuel) failed at the Nov. 2022 general election, roughly 82% no — one of the largest margins of defeat for any California ballot measure. A tribal-led coalition is reportedly preparing a new measure, with 2028 now seen as more realistic than 2026.
Cal. Penal Code § 337a
[1],[2]
Sports (retail)Not authorizedProposition 26 (tribal/racetrack retail sports betting) failed at the Nov. 2022 general election, roughly 70% no. California's general anti-bookmaking statute (Penal Code 337a) otherwise prohibits sports wagering.
Cal. Penal Code § 337a
[3],[1]
Online casinoNot authorizedNo statute or ballot measure has authorized online casino games; this was not part of either 2022 proposition.[1]
Online pokerNot authorizedNumerous online-poker legalization bills were introduced in the California Legislature in the 2010s but none passed; no authorizing statute exists as of 2026. Live poker is legal at licensed card rooms (see card_rooms).[4]
Commercial casinosNot authorizedThe California Constitution reserves Nevada/New Jersey-style casino gaming (slot machines, banked table games) to tribal land under compacts; no commercial (non-tribal) casino license category exists.
Cal. Const. art. IV, § 19
[5]
Tribal casinosLiveLegalized Mar 7, 2000Monopoly TribalProposition 1A (March 2000) amended the state constitution to let the Governor negotiate Class III compacts, ratified by the Legislature. A 1999 wave of compacts was signed by 61 tribes; a 2025 legislative bill analysis describes 'more than 60' gaming tribes currently operating. Compact activity continues (e.g., Trinidad Rancheria compact renewed July 2025; Interior declined to approve two 2020s-era compacts).
Cal. Const. art. IV, § 19(f); 25 U.S.C. § 2701 et seq. (IGRA)
[5],[6],[7],[8]
LotteryLive1985Monopoly StateCreated by Proposition 37 (Nov. 1984); the Lottery Act requires that 87% of total sales return to the public as prizes and contributions to public education combined.
Cal. Gov. Code § 8880 et seq. (California State Lottery Act of 1984)
[9]
iLotteryNot authorizedThe California Lottery does not sell tickets, subscriptions, or e-instants online or via app; the official app supports only number-checking and ticket-scanning (Check-A-Ticket). No statute authorizes direct-to-consumer online lottery sales, consistent with the Lottery's position that only in-person retail purchases produce valid winning tickets.[10],[11]
Daily fantasyContestedAttorney General Rob Bonta issued a formal opinion on July 3, 2025 concluding that daily fantasy sports contests (both draft-style and pick'em formats) constitute illegal wagering on sporting events under Penal Code 337a, regardless of where the operator is based. The opinion is advisory, not a court ruling; Underdog Fantasy has sued challenging it on skill grounds. No legislative or judicial resolution confirmed as of this research.
Cal. Penal Code § 337a
[12],[13],[14]
VGTs / VLTsNot authorizedResolved on the same basis as casino_commercial — the state constitution reserves slot-machine-style gaming (which includes video gaming terminals) to tribal Class III compacts; no statute authorizes a non-tribal VGT program comparable to Oregon's Video Lottery or Washington's historical-horse-racing terminals. Card rooms are limited to player-banked table games, not slot/VGT-style devices.
Cal. Const. art. IV, § 19
[5]
Historical horse racingContestedSanta Anita Park installed 'Racing on Demand' historical horse racing terminals in Jan. 2026; the CA DOJ seized 26 machines two days later, treating them as illegal slot machines reserved exclusively to tribal Class III gaming. Santa Anita sued AG Rob Bonta in LA County Superior Court, arguing the seizure was unconstitutional and relying on a 2006 Office of Legislative Counsel opinion on 'Instant Racing' and a 2024 CHRB-approved '3x3' wager. No ruling confirmed as of this research.[15]
Sweepstakes casinosProhibitedLegalized Jan 1, 2026AB 831, introduced by Assemblymember Avelino Valencia and co-sponsored by the Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation, CNIGA, and TASIN, makes it unlawful to operate, conduct, offer, or promote an online sweepstakes game using a dual-currency model in California; liability extends to payment processors, geolocation providers, and media affiliates. Passed the Assembly 63-0 with no recorded opposition votes; signed by Gov. Newsom Oct. 11, 2025; effective Jan. 1, 2026. Several major operators (Ruby Sweeps, Vivaro, Carnival Citi, Dara Casino) exited California before the effective date.
AB 831 (2025)
[16],[17],[18]
Prediction marketsContestedThree California tribes (Blue Lake Rancheria, Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians, Picayune Rancheria of the Chukchansi Indians) sued Kalshi and Robinhood over prediction-market sports contracts offered on/affecting tribal land; U.S. District Judge Jacqueline Scott Corley denied the tribes' preliminary-injunction motion in November 2025, finding they had not shown a likelihood of success on the merits. Litigation remained ongoing as of the most recent reporting reviewed. California sits in the Ninth Circuit, which ruled against Kalshi on CFTC-preemption grounds on Aug. 28, 2026 in KalshiEX v. Assad (a Nevada case); kept status as contested rather than not_authorized because California's own federal district court denied the tribes' injunction motion on the merits (pre-dating and factually distinct from the Ninth Circuit's later Nevada ruling), and no California-specific appellate or state-enforcement outcome has superseded that denial.[19]
Skill gamesContestedPace-O-Matic and distributor Republic Amusements sued the California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in Merced County Superior Court (filed around July 2025) after ABC seized their skill-game terminals, seeking the machines' return and a declaration that the games are legal. California, like many states, has no statute specifically regulating these 'grey machine' skill terminals. No ruling confirmed as of this research.[20]
Card roomsLiveCompetitiveCard rooms may offer player-banked games (the 'bank' rotates among players, often via licensed third-party proposition players/TPPPs) but not house-banked games, which are reserved to tribal casinos. A statutory moratorium on new card-room licenses has been in effect since 1995. Local governments separately tax card-room gross revenue at rates that vary widely by city (historically reported from roughly 2% to 16.5%+ of monthly gross receipts); see tax_rates for the separate state annual cardroom-business license fee (4 CCR § 12368.2), which is distinct from local gambling taxes. Since Jan. 1, 2025, SB 549 (2024) lets tribes sue card rooms/TPPPs civilly over alleged illegal banked games; multiple tribal coalitions have sued (Sacramento Superior Court, filed starting Jan. 1, 2025; Agua Caliente Feb. 18, 2025; Rincon Band Apr. 23, 2025), with no reported ruling as of this research.
Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 19800 et seq. (Gambling Control Act, 1997); Cal. Penal Code § 330 et seq.
[4],[21],[22],[23],[24]
Lottery couriersProhibitedThe California Lottery stated in June 2024 that online courier services are illegal in the state and that it is prohibited by law from paying prizes on courier-purchased tickets; retailers were warned that selling to couriers could end their contracts. A 2022 Attorney General opinion (105 Ops. Cal. Atty. Gen. 76) concluded the Lottery Act's narrow exception for purchasing tickets on another's behalf for a fee applies only to Lottery-authorized retailers, not third-party couriers. Jackpocket exited the California market after about nine days in 2021.
Cal. Gov. Code § 8880 et seq.
[10],[11],[25]
Pick'em fantasyContestedExplicitly covered by the same July 2025 AG opinion as DFS generally; pick'em/player-vs-house formats (PrizePicks, Underdog) were found to be illegal sports wagering.
Cal. Penal Code § 337a
[12],[13]
Pari-mutuelLiveCompetitiveLicensed by the California Horse Racing Board at tracks (e.g., Santa Anita, Del Mar) and satellite wagering facilities. CORRECTED via direct fetch of the current statute (Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 19610, confirmed live on leginfo.legislature.ca.gov on 2026-10-10): associations must deduct 15% of the total amount handled in conventional (win/place/show) parimutuel pools and 16.75% of the total amount handled in exotic pools, except that harness-racing meetings deduct 17.75% on exotic pools. This supersedes the prior figure in this file (approximately 15.95% conventional and 22.68%-23.68% exotic), which was drawn from a stale 2013 legislative bill-analysis summary and did not match the current codified rate. The deducted takeout is further split by statute (see §§ 19605.7, 19611, etc.) among state license-fee payments, purses, association/satellite commissions, and breeder/equine-health awards, varying by breed, zone, and bet type. Licensing fees to fund the CHRB itself (as an agency) were eliminated by SB 16 X2 (2009); tracks and fairs now fund the board under a formula set by the board in consultation with the industry rather than a fixed statutory fee.
Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 19400 et seq. (Horse Racing Law)
[26],[27],[28]
Advance deposit wageringLiveCompetitiveAdvance deposit wagering providers (e.g., TVG, WatchandWager/Xpressbet) are licensed and periodically renewed by the California Horse Racing Board; deductions from ADW handle fund jockey/backstretch welfare programs per statute.
Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 19600 et seq.
[26],[29]
Charitable gamingLiveBingo (Penal Code 326.5) is authorized only through local ordinance for specified nonprofit/charitable organizations, with proceeds restricted to charitable purposes; cities set their own permit rules and prize caps. Raffles (Penal Code 320.5) require the conducting organization to be an eligible California tax-exempt nonprofit registered with the DOJ Registry of Charitable Trusts, at least 90% of gross raffle-ticket receipts must support charitable purposes in California, a supervising adult (18+) is required, and raffles may not be conducted over the Internet.
Cal. Penal Code § 326.5 (bingo); Cal. Penal Code § 320.5 (raffles)
[30],[31]
Esports bettingNot authorizedNot separately authorized by statute. California has no legal sports wagering of any kind (both 2022 ballot measures failed); esports wagering would fall under the same general Penal Code 337a prohibition on sports/event wagering that already makes conventional sports betting not_authorized, so this is resolved to not_authorized rather than left unknown.
Cal. Penal Code § 337a
[3],[1]
Social casinoLiveAB 831 (2025) targets dual-currency online sweepstakes casinos specifically (see sweepstakes_casino); its text and coverage do not extend to pure free-to-play social casino apps with no prize redemption (e.g. non-sweeps social slots), which remain outside the gambling definition because nothing of value is at stake. Applying the dataset's established national convention that such apps are operational absent a state-specific restriction; no specific statute or regulator statement directly addressing that narrower pure-social-casino category was identified.[16]

Sports betting in California: status, tax rate, sportsbooks and bills →

Tax rates

VerticalChannelRateBaseTierPromos deductibleSinceStatute
Card roomsretail1.33%
Annual state cardroom-business license fee (not a gaming tax; separate from local gambling taxes): $6,234 flat for non-operational licensees; $12,468 flat for active licensees with 3-year-average gross revenue under $1.5M; 1.33% of 3-year-average gross revenue for active licensees at or above $1.5M. Figures per 4 CCR § 12368.2 as reported in a 2022 emergency-rulemaking filing; a Dec. 2025 CGCC rulemaking (CGCC-GCA-2025-05-R) proposed updated amounts not independently confirmed as adopted.
OTHER2022Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §§ 19811(b), 19823, 19824, 19840, 19841, 19876(a), 19951, 19955; 4 CCR § 12368.2[33]
Pari-mutuelretail
Pari-mutuel 'takeout' deducted from the wagering pool, per Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 19610 (confirmed via direct fetch of the current statute, 2026-10-10): 15% on conventional (win/place/show) wagers, 16.75% on exotic wagers, except 17.75% on exotic wagers at harness-racing meetings. Takeout is further split by statute (§§ 19605.7, 19611, etc.) among state license-fee payments, purses, association/satellite commissions, and breeder/equine-health awards, varying by breed, zone, and bet type.
HANDLESep 30, 1984Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 19610[27]

Rules and requirements

Legislation

Summary of significant pending gambling legislation this session
A tribal-led coalition (via the California Nations Indian Gaming Association) is preparing a possible 2028 ballot measure for retail and online sports betting, after 2026 was judged unlikely; DraftKings/FanDuel have floated a single-tribal-entity licensing structure. AB 2539 (a 2025-2026 bill to ratify a new Yurok Tribe compact) was placed on the inactive file as of June 2026 at the requesting senator's request.[2],[32]

Lottery

Third-party lottery couriers permitted
No[10],[25]

Minimum age

Minimum age to purchase lottery
18
California State Lottery retail minimum purchase age; not independently re-verified against current Government Code text in this pass.
[9]
Typical minimum age at tribal casinos (per compact)
21
Typical minimum gambling age at California tribal casinos per compact terms; not independently verified for every compact.
[5]

Notes

Free-text notes that fit no other field
California's central gambling-policy fight as of 2026 is not sports betting but the card-room/tribal boundary: SB 549 (2024) gave tribes civil standing to challenge card rooms' third-party-proposition-player 'banked' games in court starting Jan. 1, 2025, with multiple suits filed and no resolution confirmed as of this research.[21],[22]

Prediction markets

Summary of the state's action against sports event contracts (C&D
No direct state regulator cease-and-desist identified; litigation is tribal-led (Blue Lake Rancheria, Chicken Ranch Rancheria, Picayune Rancheria v. Kalshi/Robinhood); federal court denied tribes' preliminary injunction Nov. 2025.[19]

Skill games

Summary of skill-game legal status/litigation
Pace-O-Matic/Republic Amusements v. California ABC (Merced County Superior Court, filed ~July 2025) over seizure of skill-game terminals; no statute specifically regulates these machines; no ruling confirmed as of this research.[20]

Sweepstakes

Effective date of sweepstakes casino ban
2026-01-01[16]
Statute or regulator action specifically bans dual-currency online sweepstakes casinos
Yes[16],[17]

Tax revenue

Where gaming tax revenue goes (education fund
California Lottery: 87% of total sales statutorily required to return to the public as prizes and contributions to public education combined (Prop. 37, 1984).[9]

Revenue

Horse racing: amount bet

Bet in the statePer year
$2.0B$4.0B2018202020222024$3.0B
MeasureYearAmount betNotes
Bet in the state2024$3.0BFiscal year 2023-24 (July 2023-June 2024).[37]
2022$3.2BFiscal year 2021-22 (July 2021-June 2022).[36]
2020$2.8BFiscal year 2019-20 (July 2019-June 2020).[35]
2018$3.2BFiscal year 2017-18 (July 2017-June 2018).[34]

Tribal gaming

Compact notices in the Federal Register
112 · first notice May 5, 1998, latest Jul 7, 2026

Payments from tribes to the state

Tribal payments to CaliforniaFiscal years
$50.0M$100M$150MFY2023FY2024FY2025$147M
YearAmountBasis
FY2025$147MSlot license fees paid into the Revenue Sharing Trust Fund
Projection made in May 2024
[38]
FY2023$133MSlot license fees paid into the Revenue Sharing Trust Fund
Projection made in May 2022
[38]

Tribal gaming revenue in the NIGC Sacramento Region

NIGC Sacramento RegionFederal fiscal years
$5.0B$10.0B$15.0BFY2019FY2021FY2023FY2025$12.6B

The National Indian Gaming Commission reports revenue only by region. This region also includes Nevada. The region covers northern Nevada only.[39]

Compact notices

PublishedTribeNoticeFederal Register
Jul 7, 2026Yurok Tribe of the Yurok Reservation, CaliforniaCompact extended91 FR 41655
Feb 6, 2026Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay NationAmendment took effect without action91 FR 5508
Jan 26, 2026Pinoleville Pomo Nation, CaliforniaAmendment took effect without action91 FR 3214
Jan 26, 2026Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians of CaliforniaAmendment took effect without action91 FR 3213
Jan 26, 2026Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad RancheriaCompact took effect without action91 FR 3213
Sep 22, 2025Big Sandy Rancheria of Western Mono Indians of CaliforniaCompact took effect without action90 FR 45407
Aug 25, 2025Big Sandy Rancheria of Western Mono Indians of CaliforniaCompact extended90 FR 41410
Dec 26, 2024Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation, CaliforniaCompact took effect without action89 FR 105090
Dec 26, 2024Table Mountain Rancheria, Timbisha Shoshone TribeCompact took effect without action89 FR 105090
Dec 26, 2024La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the La Posta Indian Reservation, CaliforniaCompact took effect without action89 FR 105090
Dec 26, 2024Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur Bank Rancheria, CaliforniaCompact took effect without action89 FR 105090
Dec 26, 2024Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Campo Indian Reservation, CaliforniaCompact took effect without action89 FR 105090
Sep 20, 2024Alturas Indian RancheriaCompact extended89 FR 77169
Jul 1, 2024Table Mountain RancheriaCompact extended89 FR 54496
Jan 23, 2024Sherwood Valley Band of Pomo Indians, Resighini Rancheria, Manchester Band of Pomo Indians, Cahto Tribe of the Laytonville RancheriaAmendment took effect without action89 FR 4333
Jan 12, 2024Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay IndiansAmendment took effect without action89 FR 2237
Nov 30, 2023Redding Rancheria, CaliforniaCompact approved88 FR 83576
Sep 27, 2023in the State of California (Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of CaliforniaCompact took effect without action88 FR 66500
Jul 14, 2023in the State of California (Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, CaliforniaCompact approved88 FR 45245
Jun 30, 2023Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of CaliforniaCompact extended88 FR 42386
Nov 23, 2022State of California sand the Tejon Indian TribeCompact approved87 FR 71666
Nov 23, 2022State of California sand the Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa RancheriaCompact approved87 FR 71666
Dec 11, 2020Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of CaliforniaCompact approved85 FR 80142
Dec 11, 2020Tolowa Dee-Ni' NationCompact approved85 FR 80142
Dec 11, 2020Shingle Springs Band of Miwok IndiansCompact approved85 FR 80142
Dec 11, 2020Paskenta Band of Nomlaki IndiansCompact approved85 FR 80142
Dec 11, 2020Tule River Indian Tribe of CaliforniaCompact approved85 FR 80142
Dec 11, 2020Ione Band of Miwok IndiansCompact approved85 FR 80142
Dec 27, 2019Susanville Indian RancheriaCompact approved84 FR 71448
Dec 27, 2019Hoopa Valley TribeCompact approved84 FR 71451
Dec 27, 2019Cabazon Band of Mission IndiansCompact approved84 FR 71448
Dec 27, 2018Karuk TribeCompact approved83 FR 66741
Dec 27, 2018Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla IndiansCompact approved83 FR 66741
Dec 27, 2018Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the Santa Ynez ReservationCompact approved83 FR 66741
Dec 27, 2018San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of CaliforniaCompact approved83 FR 66741
Dec 27, 2018Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico RancheriaCompact approved83 FR 66741
Dec 27, 2018La Jolla Band of Luiseno IndiansCompact approved83 FR 66741
Dec 27, 2018Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of CaliforniaCompact approved83 FR 66741
Dec 27, 2018Habematolel Pomo of Upper LakeCompact approved83 FR 66741
Dec 27, 2018Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo IndiansCompact approved83 FR 66741
Dec 27, 2018Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley RancheriaCompact approved83 FR 66741
Aug 15, 2018Elk Valley RancheriaCompact approved83 FR 40549
Jan 22, 2018Wilton RancheriaCompact approved83 FR 3015
Jan 22, 2018United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of CaliforniaCompact approved83 FR 3015
Jan 22, 2018Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Tuolumne Rancheria of CaliforniaCompact approved83 FR 3015
Jan 22, 2018Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Indian ReservationCompact approved83 FR 3015
Jan 22, 2018San Manuel Band of Mission IndiansCompact approved83 FR 3015
Jan 22, 2018Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian ReservationCompact approved83 FR 3015
Jan 22, 2018Morongo Band of Mission IndiansCompact approved83 FR 3015
Jan 22, 2018Federated Indians of Graton RancheriaCompact approved83 FR 3015
Jan 22, 2018Dry Creek Band of Pomo IndiansCompact approved83 FR 3015
Apr 10, 2017San Manuel Band of Mission IndiansCompact approved82 FR 17277
Dec 5, 2016Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of CaliforniaCompact approved81 FR 87585
Dec 5, 2016Barona Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians of the Barona ReservationCompact approved81 FR 87585
Dec 5, 2016Jamul Indian Village of CaliforniaCompact approved81 FR 87585
Dec 5, 2016Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pechanga ReservationCompact approved81 FR 87585
Dec 5, 2016Yocha Dehe Wintun NationCompact approved81 FR 87585
Nov 4, 2016Pala Band of Mission IndiansCompact approved81 FR 76960
Oct 31, 2016Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian ReservationCompact approved81 FR 75427
Oct 31, 2016Yurok Tribe of the Yurok ReservationAmendment approved81 FR 75427
Oct 31, 2016Viejas (Baron Long) Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians of the Viejas ReservationCompact approved81 FR 75426
Oct 31, 2016Viejas (Baron Long) Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians of the Viejas ReservationCompact approved81 FR 75427
Oct 31, 2016Jackson Band of Miwuk IndiansAmendment approved81 FR 75428
Dec 23, 2015Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the Santa Ynez Reservation, CaliforniaCompact approved80 FR 79926
Dec 23, 2015United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of CaliforniaCompact approved80 FR 79926
Dec 23, 2015Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay NationCompact approved80 FR 79926
Oct 23, 2015Jackson Band of Miwuk IndiansCompact approved80 FR 64442
Dec 5, 2014Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians \1\Compact approved79 FR 72200
Nov 19, 2014Karuk TribeCompact approved79 FR 68910
Jan 17, 2014Ramona Band of CahuillaCompact approved79 FR 3241
Jan 17, 2014Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute IndiansCompact approved79 FR 3241
Oct 22, 2013North Fork Rancheria of Mono IndiansCompact approved78 FR 62649
Sep 6, 2013Wiyot TribeCompact approved78 FR 54908
Jul 23, 2013Shingle Springs Band of Miwok IndiansCompact approved78 FR 44146
Dec 28, 2012Coyote Valley Band of Pomo IndiansAmendment took effect without action77 FR 76514
Jul 23, 2012Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria was approvedCompact extended · effective Jul 12, 201277 FR 43111
Jul 12, 2012Federated Indians of Graton RancheriaCompact extended77 FR 41200
Feb 3, 2012Pinoleville Pomo NationCompact approved77 FR 5566
Aug 10, 2011Habematolel Pomo of Upper LakeCompact approved76 FR 49505
Dec 12, 2008Shingle Springs Band of Miwok IndiansAmendment approved73 FR 75764
Jan 18, 2008San Manuel Band of Mission IndiansAmendment took effect without action73 FR 3480
Dec 19, 2007Sycuan Band of Kumeyaay NationCompact took effect without action72 FR 71940
Dec 19, 2007Pechanga Band of Luiseno IndiansCompact took effect without action72 FR 71939
Dec 19, 2007Morongo Band of Mission IndiansCompact took effect without action72 FR 71939
Dec 19, 2007Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla IndiansCompact took effect without action72 FR 71939
Nov 2, 2007Yurok TribeCompact approved72 FR 62264
Jan 17, 2007Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian ReservationAmendment took effect without action72 FR 2007
Dec 20, 2004Fort Mojave Indian TribeCompact approved69 FR 76004
Dec 20, 2004Coyote Valley Band of Pomo IndiansCompact approved69 FR 76004
Dec 20, 2004Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk IndiansAmendment approved69 FR 76004
Sep 2, 2004Viejas Band of Kumeyaay IndiansAmendment approved69 FR 53733
Sep 2, 2004United Auburn Indian CommunityAmendment approved69 FR 53733
Sep 2, 2004Rumsey Band of Wintun IndiansAmendment approved69 FR 53733
Sep 2, 2004Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission IndiansAmendment approved69 FR 53733
Sep 2, 2004Pala Band of Mission IndiansAmendment approved69 FR 53733
Jan 16, 2004a federally recognized Indian TribeCompact approved69 FR 2618
Jan 16, 2004Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla IndiansCompact approved69 FR 2618
Dec 22, 2003Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Mission Indians and the La Posta Band of Mission IndiansCompact approved68 FR 71131
Oct 19, 2000Pauma Band of Mission IndiansCompact approved65 FR 62749
Jul 6, 2000Augustine Band of Mission IndiansCompact approved65 FR 41721
May 16, 2000California Indian Tribes:Compact approved65 FR 31189
Dec 22, 1998Table Mountain RancheriaCompact approved63 FR 70792
Nov 6, 1998Viejas Band of Kumeyaay IndiansCompact approved63 FR 60016
Oct 22, 1998Barona Band of Mission IndiansCompact approved63 FR 56659
Oct 22, 1998Sycuan Band of Mission IndiansCompact approved63 FR 56660
Oct 22, 1998Rumsey Indian RancheriaCompact approved63 FR 56660
Oct 22, 1998Mooretown Rancheria of Concow/Maidu IndiansCompact approved63 FR 56660
Oct 22, 1998Jackson Rancheria Band of Miwuk IndiansCompact approved63 FR 56660
Oct 22, 1998Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad RancheriaCompact approved63 FR 56659
Oct 22, 1998Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of CaliforniaCompact approved63 FR 56659
Oct 19, 1998Redding RancheriaCompact approved63 FR 55887
May 5, 1998Pala Band of Mission IndiansCompact approved63 FR 24823

The Interior Department publishes a notice when a compact or amendment is approved or takes effect. Older compacts published before 1994 are not included.

Problem gambling

Public funding for problem-gambling services

$8.5M in FY2016 · $0.22 per resident

Fiscal yearAmountNotes
FY2016$8.5MReported by the state to the 2016 national survey of problem-gambling services. No newer total was found.[40]

Economy

Adults 21 and over
29.4M (2024; 39.4M residents)
Gambling taxes collected
$48.3M in FY2025 · 0.02% of all state taxes
Gambling jobs
73.4K in 2025 · $60,266 average annual pay
Gambling taxes collectedState fiscal years
$20.0M$40.0M$60.0MFY2013FY2016FY2019FY2022FY2025$48.3M

Census Bureau tax collections on amusements and pari-mutuel wagering. Most states book casino, sports betting and video gaming taxes here; amusement taxes can also include admissions taxes unrelated to gambling.

Gambling jobsAnnual average
25.0K50.0K75.0K20152017201920212023202573.4K

Casinos, casino hotels, card rooms, bingo halls, off-track betting and slot-route operators, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Racetracks are not included. Jobs at tribal casinos are counted as government jobs.

Gambling jobs by industry, 2025

IndustryOwnershipEmployersJobsAverage pay
Gambling industriestribal and other government-owned5528.4K$62,163
Gambling industriesprivately owned17815.4K$58,412
Casino hotelstribal and other government-owned2926.2K$58,963
Casino hotelsprivately owned233,392$62,814

Taxes by fiscal year

Fiscal yearAmusement taxesPari-mutuel taxesShare of state taxes
FY2025$28.2M$20.1M0.02%
FY2024$22.0M$21.4M0.02%
FY2023$17.1M$19.4M0.02%
FY2022$20.3M$18.2M0.01%
FY2021$22.2M$19.0M0.02%
FY2020$26.7M$15.3M0.02%
FY2019$22.2M$13.4M0.02%
FY2018$20.6M$15.9M0.02%
FY2017$22.2M$14.7M0.02%
FY2016$16.8M$14.5M0.02%

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Vintage 2025 Population Estimates: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, States (NST-EST2025-ALLDATA); U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of State Government Tax Collections (STC): Historical Dataset; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2025 annual averages, NAICS 7132 (Gambling industries)

Timeline

  • Mar 2026 · Other · Sports (online)
    CNIGA chair signals tribes are preparing a 2028 (not 2026) ballot measure for retail and online sports betting[2]
  • Jan 1, 2026 · Prohibited · Sweepstakes casinos
    AB 831's sweepstakes-casino ban takes effect[16],[17]
  • Jan 2026 · Enforcement Action · Historical horse racing
    California DOJ seizes 26 "Racing on Demand" historical horse racing terminals from Santa Anita Park[15]
  • Jan 2026 · Court Ruling · Historical horse racing
    Santa Anita sues Attorney General Rob Bonta over the HHR terminal seizure, Los Angeles County Superior Court[15]
  • Nov 2025 · Court Ruling · Prediction markets
    Federal judge denies California tribes' preliminary injunction against Kalshi and Robinhood prediction markets[19]
  • Oct 11, 2025 · Prohibited · Sweepstakes casinos
    Governor Newsom signs AB 831, banning dual-currency online sweepstakes casinos statewide[16]
  • Jul 3, 2025 · Other · Daily fantasy
    Attorney General Rob Bonta opines that daily fantasy sports (draft-style and pick'em) are illegal wagering under Penal Code 337a[12],[13]
  • Jul 2025 · Court Ruling · Skill games
    Pace-O-Matic and Republic Amusements sue California ABC in Merced County Superior Court over skill-game terminal seizures[20]
  • Apr 23, 2025 · Court Ruling · Card rooms
    Rincon Band of Luiseño Mission Indians sues card rooms and TPPPs, alleging constitutional and penal-code violations[22]
  • Feb 18, 2025 · Court Ruling · Card rooms
    Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians files suit against card rooms over banked games[22]
  • Jan 1, 2025 · Court Ruling · Card rooms
    SB 549 takes effect; tribal coalition files first lawsuit against card rooms/TPPPs in Sacramento Superior Court[22]
  • Sep 2024 · Other · Card rooms
    Governor Newsom signs SB 549 (Tribal Nations Access to Justice Act), giving tribes civil standing to sue card rooms over alleged banked games[21]
  • Jun 2024 · Other · Lottery couriers
    California Lottery publicly declares online courier ticket purchases illegal and non-payable[10]
  • Nov 8, 2022 · Other · Sports (retail)
    Voters reject Proposition 26 (tribal/racetrack retail sports betting), roughly 70% no[3]
  • Nov 8, 2022 · Other · Sports (online)
    Voters reject Proposition 27 (statewide online sports betting), roughly 82% no[1]
  • May 12, 2022 · Other · Lottery couriers
    California Attorney General opinion (105 Ops. Cal. Atty. Gen. 76) finds the Lottery Act's fee-for-purchase exception applies only to Lottery-authorized retailers, not third parties[25]
  • 2021 · Other · Lottery couriers
    Jackpocket enters the California market and exits after about nine days[10]
  • Mar 7, 2000 · Legalized · Tribal casinos
    Voters approve Proposition 1A, authorizing the Governor to negotiate tribal Class III gaming compacts[5]
  • 1997 · Regulation Adopted · Card rooms
    Gambling Control Act creates the framework later administered by the Bureau of Gambling Control and California Gambling Control Commission[4]
  • 1995 · Restricted · Card rooms
    Statutory moratorium on new card-room licenses takes effect[4]
  • 1985 · Launched · Lottery
    California State Lottery begins ticket sales[9]
  • Nov 6, 1984 · Legalized · Lottery
    Voters approve Proposition 37, creating the California State Lottery[9]

Legislation

AI outlook · Oct 11, 2026

California's 2026 gambling output was mostly routine and is now final: the Legislature adjourned at the end of August, and several tribal compact ratifications, a Gambling Control Act fees bill and a Gambling Control Commission bill were signed in September. Bills on prediction markets, online gambling for minors and gambling licenses stalled in committee, and several horse racing bills sat on inactive files. The one bill assigned for tracking here, SB137, is a budget bill that matched on keywords and is not a gambling measure.

What to watch: The two-year session formally ends November 30, 2026, but floor action is over, so unfinished gambling bills are dead and would need to be reintroduced when the new Legislature convenes in December. Prediction market and sports betting measures may return in 2027, and any new sports betting initiative would be a November 2028 ballot question.

AB2536Passed AssemblyMajor2025-2026 Regular Session · Aug 30, 2026
Horse racing: satellite wagering facilities: authorizations.
  1. IntroducedFeb 20, 2026
  2. Out of committeeMar 27, 2026
  3. Passed AssemblyMay 4, 2026
  4. Passed Senate
  5. To governor
  6. Law
Passed Assembly · May 4, 2026
Blanca Rubio (D)Pari-mutuel
AI summary · Oct 11, 2026

Horse racing bill on satellite wagering facility authorizations. It passed the Assembly in May 2026 and was put on the Senate inactive file on Aug. 30.

Next: Effectively dead: the inactive file after the August deadline means no vote this session. Expect a similar horse racing bill next session.

Actions (17)

(1) The Horse Racing Law prohibits a satellite wagering facility, except a facility that is located at a track where live racing is conducted, from being located within 20 miles of any existing satellite wagering facility or of any track where a racing association conducts a live racing meeting, except, in the northern zone, the racing association or existing satellite wagering facility is authorized to waive this prohibition and consent to locating the new satellite wagering facility within 20 miles of the facility or track. This bill would expand that exception to the entire state. (2) The Horse Racing Law requires, before a satellite wagering facility may be licensed for the 1997 and subsequent calendar years, the department to conduct a one-year test at the proposed site in order to determine the impact of the proposed facility on total state parimutuel revenues and on attendance and wagering at existing racetracks and fair satellite wagering facilities in the Counties of Alameda

Aug 30, 2026Senate: Ordered to inactive file at the request of Senator Caballero.
Aug 6, 2026Senate: Ordered to third reading.
Aug 6, 2026Senate: From Consent Calendar.
Aug 4, 2026Senate: Read second time. Ordered to Consent Calendar.
Aug 3, 2026Senate: From committee: Be ordered to second reading file pursuant to Senate Rule 28.8 and ordered to Consent Calendar.
Jun 23, 2026Senate: From committee: Do pass and re-refer to Com. on APPR. with recommendation: To Consent Calendar. (Ayes 14. Noes 0.) (June 23). Re-referred to Com. on APPR.
May 13, 2026Senate: Referred to Com. on G.O.
May 5, 2026Senate: In Senate. Read first time. To Com. on RLS. for assignment.
May 4, 2026Assembly: Read third time. Passed. Ordered to the Senate. (Ayes 73. Noes 0. Page 4917.)
Apr 23, 2026Assembly: Read second time. Ordered to Consent Calendar.
Apr 22, 2026Assembly: From committee: Do pass. To Consent Calendar. (Ayes 13. Noes 0.) (April 22).
Apr 9, 2026Assembly: From committee: Do pass and re-refer to Com. on APPR. with recommendation: To Consent Calendar. (Ayes 22. Noes 0.) (April 8). Re-referred to Com. on APPR.
Apr 6, 2026Assembly: Re-referred to Com. on G.O.
Mar 27, 2026Assembly: From committee chair, with author's amendments: Amend, and re-refer to Com. on G.O. Read second time and amended.
Mar 9, 2026Assembly: Referred to Com. on G.O.
Feb 21, 2026Assembly: From printer. May be heard in committee March 23.
Feb 20, 2026Assembly: Read first time. To print.

Open States record

AB2644Passed AssemblyMajor2025-2026 Regular Session · Aug 30, 2026
Gambling Control Act.
  1. IntroducedFeb 20, 2026
  2. Out of committeeApr 9, 2026
  3. Passed AssemblyMay 4, 2026
  4. Passed Senate
  5. To governor
  6. Law
Passed Assembly · May 4, 2026
Blanca Rubio (D)Commercial casinos
AI summary · Oct 11, 2026

Gambling Control Act cleanup bill by Rubio. It passed the Assembly in May 2026 and was put on the Senate inactive file on Aug. 30.

Next: Effectively dead, since the end-of-August deadline has passed. A similar Gambling Control Act bill is likely next session.

Actions (15)

(1) Existing law, the Gambling Control Act, provides for the licensure and regulation of various legalized gambling activities and establishments by the California Gambling Control Commission and the investigation and enforcement of those activities and establishments by the Department of Justice. Under existing law, the commission consists of 5 members appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by the Senate. Existing law authorizes the Governor to remove any member of the commission for cause, as specified. This bill would additionally require the Governor to notify the Legislature of the removal of any member of the commission. (2) Existing law prohibits a corporation from being eligible for a state gambling license unless its officers, directors, and shareholders individually apply for and obtain a state gambling license. Existing law also requires every key employee to apply for and obtain a key employee license. Existing law requires an officer, director, or key employe

Aug 30, 2026Senate: Ordered to inactive file at the request of Senator Caballero.
Aug 6, 2026Senate: Ordered to third reading.
Aug 6, 2026Senate: From Consent Calendar.
Aug 4, 2026Senate: Read second time. Ordered to Consent Calendar.
Aug 3, 2026Senate: From committee: Be ordered to second reading file pursuant to Senate Rule 28.8 and ordered to Consent Calendar.
Jun 23, 2026Senate: From committee: Do pass and re-refer to Com. on APPR. with recommendation: To Consent Calendar. (Ayes 14. Noes 0.) (June 23). Re-referred to Com. on APPR.
May 13, 2026Senate: Referred to Com. on G.O.
May 5, 2026Senate: In Senate. Read first time. To Com. on RLS. for assignment.
May 4, 2026Assembly: Read third time. Passed. Ordered to the Senate. (Ayes 73. Noes 0. Page 4917.)
Apr 23, 2026Assembly: Read second time. Ordered to Consent Calendar.
Apr 22, 2026Assembly: From committee: Do pass. To Consent Calendar. (Ayes 13. Noes 0.) (April 22).
Apr 9, 2026Assembly: From committee: Do pass and re-refer to Com. on APPR. with recommendation: To Consent Calendar. (Ayes 22. Noes 0.) (April 8). Re-referred to Com. on APPR.
Mar 9, 2026Assembly: Referred to Com. on G.O.
Feb 21, 2026Assembly: From printer. May be heard in committee March 23.
Feb 20, 2026Assembly: Read first time. To print.

Open States record

AB2792Passed AssemblyMajor2025-2026 Regular Session · Aug 30, 2026
Horse racing: out-of-state thoroughbred races: New York Stakes.
  1. IntroducedMar 17, 2026
  2. Out of committeeApr 23, 2026
  3. Passed AssemblyMay 4, 2026
  4. Passed Senate
  5. To governor
  6. Law
Passed Assembly · May 4, 2026
Committee on Governmental OrganizationPari-mutuel
AI summary · Oct 11, 2026

Horse racing bill allowing wagering on the New York Stakes. It passed the Assembly in May 2026 and was put on the Senate inactive file on Aug. 30.

Next: Effectively dead for this session. Race-specific simulcast bills like this recur, so a refile for 2027 is likely.

Actions (13)

Existing law authorizes a thoroughbred racing association or fair to distribute the audiovisual signal and accept wagers on the results of out-of-state thoroughbred races conducted in the United States during the calendar period the association or fair is conducting a race meeting, including days on which there is no live racing being conducted by the association or fair, without the consent of the organization that represents horsemen and horsewomen participating in the race meeting and without regard to the amount of purses. Existing law prohibits the total number of thoroughbred races imported by associations or fairs on a statewide basis under these provisions from exceeding 75 races per day on days when live thoroughbred or fair racing is being conducted in the state, with the exception of prescribed races. This bill would exempt from the 75 imported race per day limitation, races imported that are part of the race card of the New York Stakes.

Aug 30, 2026Senate: Ordered to inactive file at the request of Senator Caballero.
Jun 25, 2026Senate: Ordered to third reading.
Jun 25, 2026Senate: From Consent Calendar.
Jun 24, 2026Senate: Read second time. Ordered to Consent Calendar.
Jun 23, 2026Senate: From committee: Do pass. To Consent Calendar. (Ayes 14. Noes 0.) (June 23).
May 13, 2026Senate: Referred to Com. on G.O.
May 5, 2026Senate: In Senate. Read first time. To Com. on RLS. for assignment.
May 4, 2026Assembly: Read third time. Passed. Ordered to the Senate. (Ayes 73. Noes 0. Page 4918.)
Apr 27, 2026Assembly: Read second time. Ordered to Consent Calendar.
Apr 23, 2026Assembly: From committee: Do pass. To Consent Calendar. (Ayes 21. Noes 0.) (April 22).
Mar 23, 2026Assembly: Referred to Com. on G.O.
Mar 18, 2026Assembly: From printer. May be heard in committee April 17.
Mar 17, 2026Assembly: Read first time. To print.

Open States record

All 36 California gambling bills since 2025 →

Regulators

Sources

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  2. IGA — California tribes preparing for 2028 ballot measure to legalize retail and online sports betting · CDC Gaming · press · retrieved Oct 10, 2026
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  9. About Us · California State Lottery · regulator page · retrieved Oct 10, 2026
    “Eighty-seven percent of all sales must go back to the public in the form of prizes and contributions to education.”
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  14. Daily Fantasy Sports Illegal in California, Says the AG · InfoLawGroup · secondary · retrieved Oct 10, 2026
  15. Santa Anita Track and California in Legal War Over Betting Machines · Front Office Sports · press · retrieved Oct 10, 2026
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    “Every association which conducts a racing meeting shall deduct 15 percent of the total amount handled in conventional parimutuel pools and 16.75 percent of the total amount handled in exotic parimutuel pools, except that any association conducting a harness racing meeting shall deduct 17.75 percent of the total amount handled in exotic parimutuel pools.”
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    “Non-Operational Licensee $6,234 | Active Licensee -- 3-Year Average Gross Revenue Under $1.5M $12,468 | Active Licensee -- 3-Year Average Gross Revenue of $1.5M or More 1.33% of the 3-Year Average Gross Revenue.”
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